India e-Invoicing Mandate

This guide provides an overview of e-Invoicing requirements in India, including the legal framework, the use of the IRP (Invoice Registration Portal) platform, compliance obligations, and key reporting considerations. It is intended to assist businesses that issue or receive invoices for transactions subject to VAT in India.

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Tax Authority

GST Council (GSTC)

Mandate Go-Live Date

1 August 2023

Digital Signature

Required

Archiving

Mandatory - 5 Years

Invoice Format

JSON (Form GST INV-1), PDF, paper

India introduced mandatory e-invoicing under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime to enhance tax compliance, reduce fraud, and enable real-time invoice validation. The system operates under a hard-clearance model via the Invoice Registration Portal (IRP), supervised by the Goods and Services Tax Council (GSTC). Initially introduced for large taxpayers, the mandate has progressively expanded and now applies to businesses exceeding a defined turnover threshold. India combines mandatory B2B and B2G e-invoicing with compulsory real-time digital reporting and QR code validation. The system integrates CGST, SGST, and IGST components under a centralised validation infrastructure.

Mandate Details
Mandate Status
Which types of transactions must be reported via e-Invoicing?
mandatory

Effective: August 2023

India’s e-Invoicing mandate is fully active.

Intra-community transactions

Export & import cross-border transactionsf

Transport/shipping transactions

B2B: Mandatory (if threshold met)

B2G: Mandatory (if threshold met)

B2C: E-invoicing voluntary, but digital reporting required QR code mandatory only for certain large suppliers

Cross-border:
Imports and exports – in scope Transport/Shipping – in scope

Are there any thresholds that determine e-Invoicing applicability?

Yes: Mandatory for businesses with aggregate annual turnover exceeding INR 5 Crore (approx. EUR 560,000) in any preceding financial year.
Applicable from 1 August 2023. No transaction-value threshold.
  • Taxpayers who adopt the flat-rate regime
  • Third sector entities with revenue/fees of EUR 65,000 and over
  • Microenterprises with revenue/fees of EUR 25,000 and over
  • All taxable persons, residents or established, in Italy if their annual revenue is above EUR 25,000
  • Amateur sports associations

What are the implementation dates of the e-Invoicing mandate?

Transaction Type
1 Oct 2020
1 Jan 2021
1 Apr 2022
1 Aug 2023
1 Oct 2024
2030 (EU ViDA)
Local - B2G (Public)
*
N/A
Local - B2B (Domestic)
*
N/A
Local - B2C (Domestic)
**
N/A
Local - Cross-border reporting
N/A
Foreign - B2B/B2C (non-established)
***
***
***
***
***
Mandatory clearance e-invoicing in effect
*
Mandatory for taxpayers with turnover ≥ Rs. 500 Crore
**
Invoice Management System (IMS) launched; B2C pilot initiated
***
Applies to GST-registered suppliers (including certain non-resident taxable persons under GST)
Not mandatory
N/A
EU ViDA not applicable (India is non-EU)
Do I need to have a permanent establishment in India to be required to e-Invoice?

No. The obligation to generate e-invoices is not based on having a Permanent Establishment (PE) in India.

The requirement is based on:
 
  • GST registration
  • Aggregate Annual Turnover (AATO) exceeding INR 5 Crore
 
If a foreign entity is GST-registered in India (e.g., as a non-resident taxable person or through a registered branch) and its aggregate turnover across India exceeds the prescribed threshold, it is required to comply with the e-invoicing mandate.
 
Businesses not registered for GST are not in scope.
B2B & B2G:
Applies to GST-registered businesses exceeding the INR 5 Crore threshold.
 
B2C:
Digital reporting applies; QR code requirements apply only to large suppliers (≥ 500 Crore annual revenue).
 
Cross-border (Import/Export):
Applies where GST-registered business meets threshold.
 
Non-registered businesses are not in scope.
Invoices must be submitted to the IRP near real-time from the taxable event. Validation occurs immediately before invoice becomes legally valid.

Failing to generate a mandatory e-invoice under GST rules attracts a penalty of INR 10,000 per invoice or 100% of the tax due, whichever is higher

Issuing an incorrect invoice (non-compliant) can lead to a penalty of INR 25,000 per instance

Non-compliance also prevents customers from claiming GST credits

Steps to be performed by customer

1. Confirm turnover exceeds INR 5 Crore threshold
2. Ensure GST registration under CGST/SGST/IGST

Steps VAT IT can assist with

3. Choose and integrate with an accredited e-invoicing service provider.
4. Obtain IRP-generated Invoice Reference Number (IRN), digital signature, and QR code before issuing invoice.
5. Implement compliant archiving (72 months retention).

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